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Sunan Ab Dwd is a collection of adth compiled by Imm Ab Dwd Sulaymn ibn al-Ash`ath as-Sijistn (raimahullh).
It is widely considered to be among the six canonical collections of adth (Kutub as-Sittah) of the Sunnah of the Prophet (saws).
It consists of 5274 adth in 43 books.
Author bio:
Ab Dwd Sulaymn ibn al-Ash`ath ibn Isq ibn Bashr ibn Shaddd ibn `Amr ibn `Imrn al-Azd as-Sijistn was born in the year 202 AH in Sijistan, a province in Khurasan (a region covering parts of present-day Iran and Afghanistan).
He was from the Azd tribe of Yemen.
He began to travel seeking adth at a young age, and reached Baghdad in 220 AH when he was 18 years old.
He traveled for the purpose of checking out the possessors of adth to ensure their reliability before accepting their narrations.
His journeys in search of knowledge took him through the lands of Khurasan, Iraq, Hijaz, Sham, Egypt, and Nishapur.
He was not only a muaddith, but also a prominent faqh who studied extensively under Imm Amad ibn Hanbal.
The Sunan:
When Imm Ab Dwd compiled his Sunan, Ibrhm al-arbi stated: adth was made supple (easy) for Ab Dwd just as add (steel) was made supple for the Prophet Dwd (as).
When the Sunan was read out to Ibn al-A`rb, he commented: If a man had nothing with him except for the Book of Allah, and this book (of Ab Dwd), he would need absolutely nothing else to go along with them.
In compiling the Sunan, Imm Ab Dwd included only those adth that fall under topics of Fiqh.
He included only one or two adth under each chapter to make the collection concise and easy to derive fiqh.
He occasionally summarized long adth for brevity, so that the fiqh didn't get lost in the long narration.
In his Sunan, he included several adth that are mursal in instances where he did not know of a contradictory hadith with a connected chain.
He did not include adth from those considered matrk al-dth (a narrator whose adth are rejected).
He included a munkar (mistaken or rejected) dth only when there were no other dth in that topic.
In such cases, he clearly mentioned that the dth is munkar.
He also included some weak adth in his Sunan, clearly mentioning their weakness.
Al fi `Abdullh ibn Mandah said: Ab Dwd narrated weak chains of narration when he did not find anything else for the topic, because to him, weak adth were stronger than the opinions of men.
For more information on his methodology in compiling his Sunan, see his letter to the people of Makkah.
According to his student, Ibn Dsah, Imm Ab Dwd said: I have written 500,000 adth of Allahs Messenger (saws), from which I selected 4800 of the most authentic adth for this book (the Sunan).
Of these, four adth are sufficient for preserving ones Deen:
Actions are judged according to intentions.
Of the beauty of a persons Islam is his leaving out that which does not concern him.
None of you can be a perfect believer until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself.
The halal is clear and the haram is clear, and between these two are unclear matters.
Whoever saves himself from these has saved his Deen.

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